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The Cummins Unit (formerly known as ''Cummins State Farm'') is an Arkansas Department of Correction prison in unincorporated Lincoln County, Arkansas, United States,〔"(Cummins Unit )." Arkansas Department of Correction. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.〕 in the Arkansas Delta region.〔Nelson, Melissa. "(http://thecabin.net/stories/120901/sta_1209010063.shtml Inmates recall prison life before reforms at harsh Cummins Unit )." ((Archive )) ''Associated Press'' at the ''Log Cabin Democrat''. Sunday December 9, 2001. Retrieved on June 3, 2013.〕 It is located along U.S. Route 65,〔 near Grady,〔 Gould,〔Barnes, Royl S. ''Facts, Figures, and Functions of Arkansas State and Local Government''. Hurley Co., 1957. (182 ). Retrieved from Google Books on March 6, 2011. "Arkansas maintains three penitentiary units: the Women's Reformatory at Cummins near Gould; one near Tucker for white men, known as the Tucker Farm; and the other near Gould, for Negro men and women, known as the Cummins Farm."〕 and Varner,〔"(Arkansas killer plans no more appeals He is to die Wednesday in '84 death of trooper )." ''Associated Press'' at ''The Dallas Morning News''. April 18, 1995. Retrieved on March 5, 2011. "() and he was transferred to the death watch cell at the Cummins Unit near Varner."〕 south of Pine Bluff,〔 and southeast of Little Rock.〔"(Over 20 Convicts Flee State Farm )." ''The Day''. Thursday Afternoon January 20, 1916 (35th Year). 1. Retrieved from Google News (1 of 14) on March 5, 2011.〕〔Feeley, Malcolm M. and Edward L. Rubin. ''Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State: How the Courts Reformed America's Prisons''. Cambridge University Press, 2000. (53 ). Retrieved from Google Books on March 5, 2011. ISBN 0-521-77734-8, ISBN 978-0-521-77734-6〕 This prison farm is a correctional facility. The prison first opened in 1902 and has a capacity of 1,725 inmates. Cummins housed Arkansas's male death row until 1986, when it was transferred first to the Tucker Maximum Security Unit. The State of Arkansas execution chamber is located in the Cummins Unit, adjacent to the location of the male death row, the Varner Unit.〔"(State Capitol Week in Review )." State of Arkansas. June 13, 2008. Retrieved on August 15, 2010. "Executions are carried out in the Cummins Unit, which is adjacent to Varner."〕 The female death row is located at the McPherson Unit.〔Haddigan, Michael. "(They Kill Women, Don't They? )" ''Arkansas Times''. April 9, 1999. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.〕 Cummins is one of the state of Arkansas's "parent unit"s for male prisoners; it serves as one of several units of initial assignment for processed male prisoners.〔"(Guide for Family and Friends )." Arkansas Department of Correction. 2 (4/27). Retrieved on July 18, 2010.〕 ==History== In 1902 the State of Arkansas purchased about of land for $140,000 ($ when adjusted for inflation) to build the Cummins Unit.〔"(Prison History and Gallery )." Arkansas Department of Correction. Retrieved on September 7, 2010.〕 The prison was established during that year,〔"(2006 Fact Brochure )." Arkansas Department of Correction. 14 (14/28). Retrieved on March 8, 2011.〕 and prisoners began occupying the site in December.〔"(2006 Fact Brochure )." Arkansas Department of Correction. 23 (23/28). Retrieved on March 8, 2011.〕 The prison occupied the former Cummins and Maple Grove plantations.〔''The Southwestern Reporter''. West Publishing Company, 1911. Volume 136. Retrieved from Google Books on September 23, 2011. (663 ).〕 Then-Governor of Arkansas Jeff Davis wanted the state to buy a farm in Jefferson County owned by Louis Altheimer, a Republican Party leader who was Davis's friend. When the legislature instead purchased the land for Cummins, Davis put up political opposition, trying to force the state to cancel the purchase.〔Donovan, Timothy Paul and Willard B. Gatewood. ''The Governors of Arkansas: Essays in Political Biography''. University of Arkansas Press, 1995. (125 ). Retrieved from Google Books on March 5, 2011. ISBN 1-55728-331-1, ISBN 978-1-55728-331-3.〕 In 1933 Governor Junius Marion Futrell closed the Arkansas State Penitentiary ("The Walls"), and some prisoners moved to Cummins from the former penitentiary.〔 Since the establishment of the prison, it had housed African-American men and women. Beginning in 1936, White male prisoners with disciplinary problems were housed at Cummins. As of 1958, most prisoners worked in farming, producing cotton, livestock, and vegetables. The prison, during that year, housed clothing and lumber manufacturing facilities.〔Federal Writers' Project. ''Arkansas: A Guide to the State''. US History Publishers, 1958. (277 ). Retrieved from Google Books on March 5, 2011. ISBN 1-60354-004-0, ISBN 978-1-60354-004-9〕 In 1951 White female prisoners were moved from the Arkansas State Farm for Women to Cummins.〔"(Prison History and Gallery )." Arkansas Department of Corrections. Retrieved on March 5, 2011.〕 On September 5, 1966, riots occurred at Cummins. 144 prisoners attempted a strike, and Arkansas State Police ended the strike with tear gas.〔"(2006 Fact Brochure )." Arkansas Department of Correction. 24 (24/28). Retrieved on March 8, 2011.〕 In 1970 some prisoners asking for segregated housing started a riot, leading to the intervention of state police.〔"(2006 Fact Brochure )." Arkansas Department of Correction. 25 (25/28). Retrieved on March 8, 2011.〕 In 1969 Johnny Cash performed at a concert in Cummins Unit. He donated his own money so a chapel could be built there.〔"(Johnny Cash and the Forgotten Prison Blues )." ''BBC''. Monday January 7, 2013.〕 In 1972 Arkansas's first prison rodeo was held at the Cummins Unit.〔 In 1974 death row inmates, previously at the Tucker Unit, were moved to the Cummins Unit.〔"(2006 Facts Brochure )." Arkansas Department of Correction. July 1, 2005-June 30, 2006. 25 (25/38). Retrieved on August 15, 2010.〕 In 1976 female inmates were moved from the Cummins Unit to the Pine Bluff Unit. In 1978 a new execution chamber opened at Cummins Unit.〔 In 1983 the Cummins Modular Unit opened.〔"(2006 Fact Brochure )." Arkansas Department of Correction. 26 (26/28). Retrieved on March 8, 2011.〕 In 1986 death row inmates were moved to the Maximum Security Unit.〔 In 1991 the vocational technology program moved from the Cummins Unit to the Varner Unit.〔"(2006 Fact Brochure )." Arkansas Department of Correction. 27 (27/28). Retrieved on March 8, 2011.〕 In 2000 Arkansas's first lethal electrified fence, built with inmate labor, opened at the Cummins Unit.〔 A tornado affected the Cummins Unit facility in May 2011. It damaged the dairy facility, the chicken and swine houses, and the employee housing in the Free Line area. The tornado destroyed the prison's three green houses. It also turned over a center pivot irrigation system.〔"(2012 Billy Max Moore Award Winner: David L. Allen )." ((Archive )) ''The Advocate''. Arkansas Department of Correction. December 2012. p. 9. Retrieved on April 16, 2013. "In May 2011, a tornado hit the Cummins Farm, devastating the employees‘ free line housing, dairy facility, swine and chicken houses; turning over a center pivot irrigation system; and completely destroying three green houses."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cummins Unit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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